Historian, geographer, economist, first corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. He was born in Vologda.
He is the author of works on archeology, ethnography and history of the Volga region, the Urals and the Caspian region. In 1734
on the recommendation of the scientist I.K. Kirilov, he was accepted into the Orenburg expedition, where from 1737
He worked under the guidance of V.N. Tatishchev. In 1741, P.I. Rychkov became the head of the first geographical
The institution of the region is the Geographical Department established under the Orenburg Commission
(this is how the Orenburg expedition became known). The main scientific works of P.I. Rychkov, which brought
"Orenburg History" and "Orenburg Topography" are widely known to him. During the uprising
Pugacheva headed the board of Orenburg salt works, was in the Orenburg fortress and conducted a detailed
diary. Subsequently, he created a "Description of the six-month siege of Orenburg," which Pushkin published.
P.I. Rychkov devoted more than 40 years to the study of Orenburg region. "The History of Pugachev".
In Orenburg, his house has been preserved, now ul. Sovetskaya, 4.

Russian writer, literary and theater critic, memoirist. He spent his childhood in the Novo-Aksakovo estate of Buguruslansky district of Orenburg province. """""""""""""""""""""The main works are ""Notes on the fishing of fish", "Notes of a gun hunter of the Orenburg province", "Stories and memories of a hunter about various hunts", "The Scarlet flower", "Childhood years of Bagrov—grandson". In the village of Aksakovo, Orenburg region, there is a literary museum-reserve of S.T. Aksakov, where you can learn in detail about the life and work of the Aksakov family.

Russian Russian poet, playwright and novelist, who laid the foundations of the Russian realist movement, literary critic and literary theorist, historian, publicist, journalist; one of the most respected literary figures in the world. He is considered the founder of the modern Russian literary language. He visited Orenburg in 1833 while working on the "History of Pugachev", where he was accompanied by V.I. Dahl. In St. Petersburg, after the poet was wounded in a duel, Dahl was at his friend's deathbed until the last minute.

Russian strongman, professional wrestler and animal trainer. He was born in the Vilna district of the Russian Empire. In 1908, he came to Orenburg to study as an assistant machinist, but got a job in a circus. He became an outstanding power athlete. His dizzying circus career began in Orenburg. There is a monument to Orenburg Samson in front of the Orenburg Circus building. After being captured several times while serving in the Russian army during the First World War, he settled in Europe. He performed as a trainer and athlete, and there they took the pseudonym Samson, under which he gained worldwide popularity. He establishes ""Samson Institute"", promotes his system of isometric exercises, and becomes "The strongest man on Earth." After the Second World War, he settled near London, performed strength routines and was considered the oldest wild animal trainer in Europe.

An avant-garde artist, illustrator, the only one of the masters of the Silver Age who lived to the end of the sixties. Born in Samarkand, 2 years later the family moved to Orenburg, where they lived until 1937, and then moved to Alma Ata. Russian, then Soviet artist, a student of K.S. Petrov-Vodkin. He claimed to be depicted by his mentor in the famous painting "Bathing the Red Horse." The young S.I. Kalmykov devoted several decades of his creative work to Orenburg. The collection of his art works and diary entries is a national treasure of the Republic of Kazakhstan. "He" appears in Yuri Dombrovsky's novel "The Faculty of Unnecessary Things" and served as the prototype of the main character in David Markish's novel "The White Circle". The works of S.I. Kalmykov have no direct analogies in the history of world art. In the course of his creative activity, S.I. Kalmykov developed an original style of painting, sometimes referred to as "fantastic expressionism."

Soviet Tatar poet, Hero of the Soviet Union. He was born in the village of Mustafino, Orenburg province. He studied at the Khusainiya madrasah (Orenburg), and worked as an instructor for the Komsomol district committee in Orsk and Orenburg. In 1941 he went to the front, and in 1942 he was captured. For his participation in an underground anti-fascist organization, he was imprisoned in Berlin's Moabit prison, and later executed in Pletzensee prison. The cycle of poems "The Moabit Notebook" written by him in conclusion reached the USSR after his execution and was awarded the Lenin Prize, and the author himself was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously). In Orenburg, a monument, a bas-relief, and a memorial plaque have been erected in honor of the poet-hero, one of the streets of the city bears his name, and a memorial museum is located in the village of Mustafino.

Russian cellist, pianist, conductor, composer. He was born in Baku into a family of musicians. In 1941, the Rostropovichi family moved to Chkalov (from 1938 to 1957 Orenburg was called Chkalov). After his father's death in 1942, 15-year–old Mstislav - Slavik, as everyone called him, was forced to become the head of the family, began teaching and traveled the entire region with artistic teams. In 1943, the family moved to Moscow, where M.L. Rostropovich entered the Conservatory. For a long time he led the National Symphony Orchestra in Washington. The Rostropovich family house museum has been preserved in Orenburg, which can be visited, now Ziminskaya St. 25.